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We report the discovery of a cool metal-poor, main-sequence star exhibitinglarge excesses of r-process elements. This star is one of two newly discoveredcool subdwarfs (effective temperatures of 5000 K) with extremely lowmetallicity ([Fe/H]<-3) identified from follow-up high-resolution spectroscopyof metal-poor candidates from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. SDSS J2357-0052 has[Fe/H]=-3.4 and [Eu/Fe]=+1.9, and exhibits a scaled solar r-process abundancepattern of heavy neutron-capture elements. This is the first example of anextremely metal-poor, main-sequence star showing large excesses of r-processelements; all previous examples of the large r-process-enhancement phenomenahave been associated with metal-poor giants. The metallicity of this object isthe lowest, and the excess of Eu ([Eu/Fe]) is the highest, among ther-process-enhanced stars found so far. We consider possible scenarios toaccount for the detection of such a star, and discuss techniques to enablesearches for similar stars in the future.

Extreme Enhancements of r-process Elements in the Cool Metal-Poor Main-Sequence Star SDSS J2357-0052