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We perform numerical calculations of the expected transit timing variations(TTVs) induced on a Hot-Jupiter by an Earth-mass perturber. Motivated by therecent discoveries of retrograde transiting planets, we concentrate on aninvestigation of the effect of varying relative planetary inclinations, up toand including completely retrograde systems. We find that planets in low order(E.g. 2:1) mean-motion resonances (MMRs) retain approximately constant TTVamplitudes for $0<\,^{\circ}i<170\,^{\circ}$, only reducing in amplitude for $i> 170\,^{\circ}$. Systems in higher order MMRs (E.g. 5:1) increase in TTVamplitude as inclinations increase towards $45\,^{\circ}$, becomingapproximately constant for $45 < i < 135$, and then declining for $i >135\,^{\circ}$. Planets away from resonance slowly decrease in TTV amplitude asinclinations increase from 0 to 180, where-as planets adjacent to resonancescan exhibit a huge range of variability in TTV amplitude as a function of botheccentricity and inclination. For highly retrograde systems ($135\,^{\circ} < i\leq 180\,^{\circ}$), TTV signals will be undetectable across almost theentirety of parameter space, with the exceptions occurring when the perturberhas high eccentricity or is very close to a MMR. This high inclination decreasein TTV amplitude (on and away from resonance) is important for the analysis ofthe known retrograde and multi-planet transiting systems, as inclinationeffects need to be considered if TTVs are to be used to exclude the presence ofany putative planetary companions: absence of evidence is not evidence ofabsence.

Transit Timing Variations for Inclined and Retrograde Exoplanetary Systems