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Much debate surrounds the mechanisms responsible for the occurrence of blunttraumatic aortic rupture in car accidents, particularly on the role of theinertial body force experienced by the blood due to the abrupt deceleration.The isolated influence of such body forces acting on even simple fluid flows isa fundamental problem in fluid dynamics that has not been thoroughlyinvestigated. This study numerically investigates the fundamental physicalproblem, where the pulsatile flow in a straight circular pipe is subjected to atransverse body force on a localized volume of fluid. The body force is appliedas a brief rectangular impulse in three distinct cases, namely during theaccelerating, peak, and decelerating phases of the pulsatile flow. Adimensionless number, termed the degree of influence of the body force({\Psi}), is devised to quantify the relative strength of the body force overthe flow inertia. The impact induces counter-rotating cross-stream vortices atthe boundaries of the forced section accompanied by complex secondary flowstructures. This secondary flow is found to develop slowest for an impactoccurring during an accelerating flow and fastest during a decelerating flow.The peak skewness of the velocity field, however, occurred at successivelylater times for the three respective cases. After the impact, these secondaryflows act to restore the unforced state and such dominant spatial structuresare revealed by proper orthogonal decomposition of the velocity field. Thiswork presents a new class of problems that requires further theoretical andexperimental investigation.

fluid dynamics research

Numerical simulation of flows in a circular pipe transversely subjected  to a localized impulsive body force with applications to blunt traumatic  aortic rupture