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Passively controllable millimeter-wave phase shifters based on continuously tunable dielectrics offer promising alternatives to conventional switch-based topologies (e.g. active semiconductor devices and MEMS) with digital resolution. However, only a handful of tunable dielectrics have thus far been identified with high tunability and low loss, among them, liquid crystal (LC) in the nematic phase is of research and development interest. This work presents the modelling of LC materials at 66 GHz based on a novel shielded coplanar device structure in place of traditional waveguides. Phase shifters of 0-π tunability are fabricated and measured, with an insertion loss of -4 dB and return loss lower than -15 dB demonstrated.

Low-loss tunable dielectrics for millimeter-wave phase shifter: from material modelling to device prototyping