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Particle accelerator systems are cryogenic systems are composed of multiple segments called cryomodules which contain SRF niobium cavities, liquid baths of He II, sensors and other machinery. Cryomodules contain two vacuum spaces. The first vacuum space is the insulation space for the He II bath which immerses the niobium cavity. The second vacuum space is in the center niobium beam tube where the accelerated particles travel. The second vacuum space is an interconnected void between all cryomodules of the system. If there is a sudden rupture of this second vacuum space then there is potential that the entire system could become affected. Previous research at the National High Magnetic Field Lab attempted to quantify and model the propagation of the gas front in the beam tube in the event of a catastrophic loss of vacuum [1-3]. To simulate the air propagation in the system, a pipe was immersed in liquid helium (LHe) and nitrogen was allowed to rush in. The propagation in the cryogenic system is order of magnitudes slower than at room temperature due to the air freezing to the tube walls. Illustration of a vacuum break in a tube system is illustrated in figure 1 below.

Gas propagation following a sudden loss of vacuum in a pipe cooled by He I and He II.