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The Foreign Customs Districts in Kwangtung (Guangdong) Province were spatial areas under the customs business jurisdiction established on the basis of location. Such Districts were under the Commissioner of Chinese Maritime Customs during 1859–1949.Since then, the number of Foreign Customs Districts had grown from two in the late Qing Dynasty to 11 in the Republic of China, which accounted for nearly half of the Chinese Maritime Customs Districts (19).They also gradually developed a vertical spatial pattern system, which was composed of three levels, namely, the head office, sub-offices and barriers. This thesis analyzes the characteristics of the spatial distribution of the Foreign Customs Districts, which are located at the junction of China’s land and sea resources by mathematical graph analysis methods, such as kernel density estimation, geographic concentration index, and imbalance index method. The study aims to provide a case study of the spatial structure of the Foreign Customs Districts in the modern Chinese reference.

Spatial distribution characteristics of Foreign Customs Districts in Kwangtung (Guangdong) Province based on geographic information system (1842–1949)