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The visual landscape is a part of the total landscape related to the aesthetics of the observed environment and the personal preferences of the observer. The visual landscape must be considered in landscape management and planning processes, in impact assessments and other activities such as biodiversity conservation and implementation of best practices in forestry. There are criteria that can be applied to avoid impacts and contribute to the conservation at the landscape scale for a given forest type. Mature and virgin boreal forests have characteristics that make them very important for the landscape quality, and they are necessary elements to preserve biodiversity. These forests are the type of forest that is most often destroyed and even today, their area in the boreal biome is shrinking due to clear cuts and forest fires. Preserving and managing these forests in a sustainable way is urgent as they are key elements in the landscape of boreal areas. Fortunately, there is knowledge and previous experiences that make it possible to create and manage complex forest environments from simplified forest structures, and that are economically profitable and present attributes of oldgrowth forest. 1. The landscape: a concept and polymorphic approach We perceive the environment around us in different ways depending on our intentions and interests. The landscape as an observed environment is highly complex and admits complementary approaches and descriptions. The visual aspects are fundamental for its apprehension. The total landscape is made up of a fenosystem, which is the external manifestation, an apparent perceived part, and a cryptosystem, a set of hidden relationships that make up the fenosystem [1]. Five fundamental or significant approaches can be considered: artistic, recreational, scientific, operational and humanistic [2]. The scientific approach that tries to describe and explain the observed environment, accompanied by a methodological rigor, based on different disciplines, is transversal and multidisciplinary [2]. However, the surrounding environment contains everything around us, and rendering a unique and universal characterization seems impossible. There are therefore multiple classifications and

The visual landscape as a resource and its integration in forestry activities. Reflections for boreal forests