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With the growing interest in the use of breath volatiles in the health sciences, the lack of standardization for the sampling and analysis of exhaled breath is a major issue leading to an absence of conformity, reproducibility and reliability in spectrometric measurements. Through the creation of a worldwide "peppermint consortium", the International Association of Breath Research has set up a task force to deal with this problem. Pharmacokinetic studies are proposed, and a real-time analytical technique that is being used is Proton Transfer Reaction-Time-of-Flight-Mass Spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS). This paper presents details on how the volatile compounds contained in a peppermint oil capsule, and hence on breath, appear in a PTR-ToF-MS. To aid that study, the key volatiles in the headspace of peppermint oil were first identified using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, notably: menthol, menthone, 1,8-cineole, menthofuran, limonene, ɑ-pinene and β-pinene. A PTR-ToF-MS analysis of these compounds has been undertaken, divorced from the complexity of the peppermint oil matrix using "normal" and "saturated" humidity drift-tube conditions, with the latter used to mimic breath samples, and over a range of reduced electric fields. There are no characteristic product ions that can distinguish monoterpenes and 1,8-cineole, and hence, without pre-separation, a combined washout for these volatiles can only be provided. By operating the drift tube above about 130 Td, there are characteristic product ions for menthone, menthofuran and menthol, namely m/z 155.14 (protonated menthone), m/z 151.11 (protonated menthofuran), m/z 139.15 (loss of H2O from protonated menthol) and m/z 83.09 (a fragment ion, C6H11+, from menthol). These have been used to monitor, with a high specificity, the temporal profile of these three compounds in breath following the ingestion of a peppermint oil capsule. To aid in the analyses, the proton affinities and gas-phase basicities for the key volatiles investigated have been determined using density functional theory.

journal of breath research

Proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometric measurements of volatile compounds contained in peppermint oil capsules of relevance to real-time pharmacokinetic breath studies