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We recall and generalize the analysis of the output of the so-called balancedhomodyne detectors. The most important feature of these detectors is theirability to quantify the vacuum fluctuations of the electric field, that isexpectation values of products of (quantum-) electric-field operators. Moreprecisely, the output of BHDs provides information on the one- and two-pointfunctions of arbitrary states of quantum fields. We generalize the analysis ofthe response of BHDs to the case of quantum fields under influence of staticexternal conditions such as cavities or polarizable media. By recalling theexpressions for two-point functions of quantum fields in Casimir geometries weshow, that a rich, position- and frequency-dependent pattern of BHD responsesis predicted for ground states. This points to a potentially newcharacterization of quantum fields in Casimir setups which would not onlycomplement the current global methods (Casimir forces), but also improveunderstanding of sub-vacuum energy densities present in some regions in thesegeometries.

Balanced homodyne detectors and Casimir energy densities