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We consider various random models (directed polymer, random ferromagnets,spin-glasses) in their disorder-dominated phases, where the free-energy cost$F(L)$ of an excitation of length $L$ presents fluctuations that grow as apower-law $\Delta F(L) \sim L^{\theta}$ with the 'droplet' exponent $\theta$.Within the droplet theory, the energy and entropy of such excitations presentfluctuations that grow as $\Delta E(L) \sim \Delta S(L) \sim L^{d_s/2}$ where$d_s$ is the dimension of the surface of the excitation. These systems usuallypresent a positive 'chaos' exponent $\zeta=d_s/2-\theta>0$, meaning that thefree-energy fluctuation of order $L^{\theta}$ is a near-cancellation of muchbigger energy and entropy fluctuations of order $L^{d_s/2}$. Within thestandard droplet theory, the dynamics is characterized by a barrier exponent$\psi$ satisfying the bounds $\theta \leq \psi \leq d-1$. In this paper, weargue that a natural value for this barrier exponent is $\psi=d_s/2$ : (i) forthe directed polymer where $d_s=1$, this corresponds to $\psi=1/2$ in alldimensions; (ii) for disordered ferromagnets where $d_s=d-1$, this correspondsto $\psi=(d-1)/2$; (iii) for spin-glasses where interfaces have a non-trivialdimension $d_s$ known numerically, our conjecture $\psi=d_s/2$ gives numericalpredictions in $d=2$ and $d=3$. We compare these values with the availablenumerical results for each case, in particular with the measure $\psi \simeq0.49$ of Kolton, Rosso, Giamarchi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 180604 (2005) for thenon-equilibrium dynamics of a directed elastic string.

Non-equilibrium dynamics of polymers and interfaces in random media : conjecture $\psi=d_s/2$ for the barrier exponent