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Climate changes are expected toprogressively increase extremewildfire frequency in forests. Findingpast analogs for periodsof extremebiomass burningwouldprovide valuable insights regardingwhat the effects ofwarmingmight be for tree speciesdistribution, ecosystem integrity, atmospheric greenhouse gas balance, andhuman safety.Here,weused anetworkof 42 lake-sediment charcoal records across a∼2000 km transect in easternborealNorthAmerica to inferwidespreadperiodsofwildfire activity in associationwith past climate conditions.The reconstructedfluctuations inbiomassburning arebroadly consistentwith variations in ethane concentration inGreenlandpolar ice cores.Biomassburningfluctuations also significantly co-variedwithGreenland temperatures estimated from ice cores, at least for thepast 6000 years.Our retrospective analysis of pastfire activity allowedus to identify twofire periods centered around 4800 and1100BP, coincidingwith large-scalewarming innorthern latitudes andhaving respectively affected an estimated∼71%and∼57%of the study area.These twoperiods co-occurredwithwidespread decreases inmeanfire-return intervals.The twoperiods are likely thebest analogs forwhat couldbe anticipated in termsof impacts offireonecosystemservices providedby these forests in comingdecades.

Coherent signature of warming-induced extreme sub-continental boreal wildfire activity 4800 and 1100 years BP