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Arctic ecosystems are undergoing rapid changes as a result of climatewarming andmore frequent disturbances. Disturbances can have particularly large effects on high-latitude ecosystemswhen ecosystem structure and function is controlled by strong feedbacks between soil conditions, vegetation, and ground thermal regime. In this studywe investigated the impact of road construction andmaintenance on vegetation structure and biomass along theDempsterHighwaywhere it crosses the Peel Plateau in theNorthwest Territories. To explore drivers of tall shrub proliferation and to quantify shrub proliferation in this region of continuous permafrost, greyscale air photos (1975) and Quickbird satellite imagery (2008)were used tomap landcover changewithin two 0.6 km belts next to the road and two 0.6 km belts 500m away from the road.Maps showing areaswhere: 1) tall shrubs expanded, and 2) dwarf shrub tundra resisted invasionwere then used to select field sites where a suite of biophysical variables weremeasured. Rapid tall shrub proliferation and greater biomass adjacent to the road indicate that disturbance can facilitate vegetation change in tundra environments. Ourfield data also suggests that increased shrub proliferation adjacent to the roadwas caused by greater soil moisture. Tall shrub proliferation adjacent to the road occurred at lower elevation sites characterized bywetter soils with thicker organic layers. Areas that resisted tall shrub encroachment were located at higher elevations and had drier soils with thin organic layers. Our observations also support previous work illustrating that tall shrub expansion next to the highway promotes strong positive feedbacks to ongoing shrub growth and proliferation.

Drivers of tall shrub proliferation adjacent to the Dempster Highway, Northwest Territories, Canada