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The HARP experiment was designed to study hadron production in proton-nucleus collisions in the energy range of 1.5 GeV/c-15 GeV/c. The experimentwas made of two spectrometers, a forward dipole spectrometer and a large-anglesolenoid spectrometer. In the large-angle spectrometer the main tracking andparticle identification is performed by a cylindrical Time Projection Chamber(TPC) which suffered a number of shortcomings later addressed in the analysis.In this paper we discuss the effects of time-dependent (dynamic) distortions ofthe position measurements in the TPC which are due to a build-up of ion chargesin the chamber during the accelerator spill. These phenomena have been studiedboth theoretically and experimentally, and a correction procedure has beendeveloped. First, the dynamics of the positive ion cloud and of the fullelectrostatics of the field-cage system have been modelled with aphenomenological approach and a general correction procedure has been developedand applied to all data settings. Then, the correction procedure has beenbenchmarked experimentally by means of recoil protons in elastic scatteringreactions, where the track coordinates are precisely predictable from simplekinematical considerations. After application of the corrections for dynamicdistortions the corrected data have a performance equal to data where thedynamic distortions are absent. We describe the theoretical model, thecomparison with the measurements, the distortion correction method and theresults obtained with experimental data.

Dynamic Distortions in the HARP TPC: observations, measurements, modelling and corrections