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Short-baseline reactor antineutrino experiments with shallow overburdenusually have large cosmogenic neutron backgrounds. The Taishan AntineutrinoObservatory (TAO) is a ton-level liquid scintillator detector located at about30 m from a core of the Taishan Nuclear Power Plant. It will measure thereactor antineutrino spectrum with high precision and high energy resolution toprovide a reference spectrum for JUNO and other reactor antineutrinoexperiments, and provide a benchmark measurement to test nuclear databases.Background is one of the critical concerns of TAO since the overburden is just10 meter-water-equivalent. The cosmogenic neutron background was estimated tobe ~10% of signals. With detailed Monte Carlo simulations, we propose severalmeasures in this work to reduce the neutron backgrounds, including dopingGadolinium in the buffer liquid, adding a polyethylene layer above the bottomlead shield, and optimization of the veto strategy. With these improvements,the neutron background-to-signal ratio can be reduced to ~2%, and might befurther suppressed with pulse shape discrimination.

Detector optimization to reduce the cosmogenic neutron backgrounds in the TAO experiment