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Photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) are often used in low-background particlephysics experiments, which rely on an excellent response to single-photonsignals and stable long-term operation. In particular, the Hamamatsu R11410model is the light sensor of choice for liquid xenon dark matter experiments,including XENONnT. The same PMT model was also used for the predecessor,XENON1T, where issues affecting its long-term operation were observed. Here, wereport on an improved PMT testing procedure which ensures optimal performancein XENONnT. Using both new and upgraded facilities, we tested 368 new PMTs in acryogenic xenon environment. We developed new tests targeted at the detectionof light emission and the degradation of the PMT vacuum through small leaks,which can lead to spurious signals known as afterpulses, both of which wereobserved in XENON1T. We exclude the use of 26 of the 368 tested PMTs andcategorise the remainder according to their performance. Given that we haveimproved the testing procedure, yet we rejected fewer PMTs, we expectsignificantly better PMT performance in XENONnT.

Improved quality tests of R11410-21 photomultiplier tubes for the XENONnT experiment