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The ProtoDUNE-SP detector is a single-phase liquid argon time projectionchamber with an active volume of $7.2\times 6.0\times 6.9$ m$^3$. It isinstalled at the CERN Neutrino Platform in a specially-constructed beam thatdelivers charged pions, kaons, protons, muons and electrons with momenta in therange 0.3 GeV$/c$ to 7 GeV/$c$. Beam line instrumentation provides accuratemomentum measurements and particle identification. The ProtoDUNE-SP detector isa prototype for the first far detector module of the Deep Underground NeutrinoExperiment, and it incorporates full-size components as designed for thatmodule. This paper describes the beam line, the time projection chamber, thephoton detectors, the cosmic-ray tagger, the signal processing and particlereconstruction. It presents the first results on ProtoDUNE-SP's performance,including noise and gain measurements, $dE/dx$ calibration for muons, protons,pions and electrons, drift electron lifetime measurements, and photon detectornoise, signal sensitivity and time resolution measurements. The measured valuesmeet or exceed the specifications for the DUNE far detector, in several casesby large margins. ProtoDUNE-SP's successful operation starting in 2018 and itsproduction of large samples of high-quality data demonstrate the effectivenessof the single-phase far detector design.

First results on ProtoDUNE-SP liquid argon time projection chamber performance from a beam test at the CERN Neutrino Platform