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Current research in High Energy Cosmic Ray Physics touches on fundamentalquestions regarding the origin of cosmic rays, their composition, theacceleration mechanisms, and their production. Unambiguous measurements of theenergy spectra and of the composition of cosmic rays at the "knee" region couldprovide some of the answers to the above questions. So far only ground basedobservations, which rely on sophisticated models describing high energyinteractions in the earth's atmosphere, have been possible due to the extremelylow particle rates at these energies. A calorimetry based space experiment thatcould provide not only flux measurements but also energy spectra and particleidentification, would certainly overcome some of the uncertainties of groundbased experiments. Given the expected particle fluxes, a very large acceptanceis needed to collect a sufficient quantity of data, in a time compatible withthe duration of a space mission. This in turn, contrasts with the lightness andcompactness requirements for space based experiments. We present a novel ideain calorimetry which addresses these issues whilst limiting the mass and volumeof the detector. In this paper we report on a four year R&D program where weinvestigated materials, coatings, photo-sensors, Front End electronics, andmechanical structures with the aim of designing a high performance, highgranularity calorimeter with the largest possible acceptance. Details are givenof the design choices, component characterisation, and of the construction of asizeable prototype (Calocube) which has been used in various tests withparticle beams.

journal of instrumentation

The CALOCUBE project for a space based cosmic ray experiment: design,  construction, and first performance of a high granularity calorimeter  prototype