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We demonstrate that the application of an external magnetic field could leadto an improved background rejection in neutrinoless double-beta (0nbb) decayexperiments using a high pressure xenon (HPXe) TPC. HPXe chambers are capableof imaging electron tracks, a feature that enhances the separation betweensignal events (the two electrons emitted in the 0nbb decay of 136Xe) andbackground events, arising chiefly from single electrons of kinetic energycompatible with the end-point of the 0nbb decay (Qbb ). Applying an externalmagnetic field of sufficiently high intensity (in the range of 0.5-1 Tesla foroperating pressures in the range of 5-15 atmospheres) causes the electrons toproduce helical tracks. Assuming the tracks can be properly reconstructed, thesign (direction) of curvature can be determined at several points along thesetracks, and such information can be used to separate signal (0nbb) eventscontaining two electrons producing a track with two different directions ofcurvature from background (single-electron) events producing a track thatshould spiral in a single direction. Due to electron multiple scattering, thisstrategy is not perfectly efficient on an event-by-event basis, but astatistical estimator can be constructed which can be used to reject backgroundevents by one order of magnitude at a moderate cost (approx. 30%) in signalefficiency. Combining this estimator with the excellent energy resolution andtopological signature identification characteristic of the HPXe TPC, it ispossible to reach a background rate of less than one count per ton-year ofexposure. Such a low background rate is an essential feature of the nextgeneration of 0nbb experiments, aiming to fully explore the inverse hierarchyof neutrino masses.

Improved background rejection in neutrinoless double beta decay experiments using a magnetic field in a high pressure xenon TPC