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An electron-tracking Compton camera (ETCC) is a detector that can determinethe arrival direction and energy of incident sub-MeV/MeV gamma-ray events on anevent-by-event basis. It is a hybrid detector consisting of a gaseous timeprojection chamber (TPC), that is the Compton-scattering target and the trackerof recoil electrons, and a position-sensitive scintillation camera that absorbsof the scattered gamma rays, to measure gamma rays in the environment fromcontaminated soil. To measure of environmental gamma rays from soilcontaminated with radioactive cesium (Cs), we developed a portablebattery-powered ETCC system with a compact readout circuit and data-acquisitionsystem for the SMILE-II experiment. We checked the gamma-ray imaging abilityand ETCC performance in the laboratory by using several gamma-ray pointsources. The performance test indicates that the field of view (FoV) of thedetector is about 1$\;$sr and that the detection efficiency and angularresolution for 662$\;$keV gamma rays from the center of the FoV is $(9.31 \pm0.95) \times 10^{^-5}$ and $5.9^{\circ} \pm 0.6^{\circ}$, respectively.Furthermore, the ETCC can detect 0.15$\;\mu\rm{Sv/h}$ from a $^{137}$Csgamma-ray source with a significance of 5$\sigma$ in 13 min in the laboratory.In this paper, we report the specifications of the ETCC and the results of theperformance tests. Furthermore, we discuss its potential use for environmentalgamma-ray measurements.

A performance study of an electron-tracking Compton camera with a compact system for environmental gamma-ray observation