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We have developed an electron-tracking Compton camera (ETCC) for use innext-generation MeV gamma ray telescopes. An ETCC consists of a gaseous timeprojection chamber (TPC) and pixel scintillator arrays (PSAs). Since the TPCmeasures the three dimensional tracks of Compton-recoil electrons, the ETCC cancompletely reconstruct the incident gamma rays. Moreover, the ETCC demonstratesefficient background rejection power in Compton-kinematics tests, identifiesparticle from the energy deposit rate (dE/dX) registered in the TPC, andprovides high quality imaging by completely reconstructing the Comptonscattering process. We are planning the "Sub-MeV gamma ray ImagingLoaded-on-balloon Experiment" (SMILE) for our proposed all-sky surveysatellite. Performance tests of a mid-sized 30 cm-cubic ETCC, constructed forobserving the Crab nebula, are ongoing. However, observations at balloonaltitudes or satellite orbits are obstructed by radiation background from theatmosphere and the detector itself. The background rejection power was checkedusing proton accelerator experiments conducted at the Research Center forNuclear Physics, Osaka University. To create the intense radiation fieldsencountered in space, which comprise gamma rays, neutrons, protons, and otherenergetic entities, we irradiated a water target with a 140 MeV proton beam andplaced a SMILE-II ETCC near the target. In this situation, the counting ratewas five times than that expected at the balloon altitude. Nonetheless, theETCC stably operated and identified particles sufficiently to obtain a cleargamma ray image of the checking source. Here, we report the performance of ourdetector and demonstrate its effective background rejection based in electrontracking experiments.

Performance of a new electron-tracking Compton camera under intense radiations from a water target irradiated with a proton beam