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Although extensive investigations exist for structural damage detection, which often solely considers the stiffness reduction, or specific damage type like concrete spalling, this study aims to address a general novelty detection procedure for detecting the novelty, or so-called outlier from structural dynamic analysis with applying cosine based indicator in frequency response functions. This study also addresses a short review for the cosine indicator and modal assurance criterion, and their interrelation as well. The eight degree-of-freedom system is considered for the verification, and proves well performance in novelty detection.

Damage detection in structures using frequency response functions ensemble with extended cosine based indicator