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The development of efficient artificial nanodevices poses challenges whichare of fundamental and technological nature. Recent progress has been made inthe context of finite-time thermodynamics. A central question in finite-timethermodynamics is to identify the optimal procedure to extract the greatestamount of work from a system operating under well-defined constraints. Forexternally controlled small systems, the optimal driving protocol maximizes themean work spend in a finite-time transition between two given system states.For simplicity we consider an externally controlled single level system, whichis embedded in a thermal environment and coupled to a particle reservoir. Theoptimal protocols are calculated from a master equation approach for differentsystem-reservoir couplings. For open systems, the system-reservoir couplingsare shown to have a striking influence on the optimal driving setup. We pointout that the optimal protocols have discontinuous jumps at the initial andfinal times. Finally, this work provides a first attempt to extend thesecalculations to larger system sizes.

Optimal driving protocols for nano-sized devices and their dependence on couplings to reservoirs