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Severe plastic deformation of metals introduces not only dislocations, but also a high concentration of vacancies. In the present work we employed positron lifetime spectroscopy for investigation of deformation-induced vacancies in ultra fine grained metals prepared by high pressure torsion. It was found that in all metals studied deformation-induced vacancies agglomerate into small vacancy clusters. Experimental positron lifetime results were combined with ab-initio theoretical calculations of positron parameters for vacancy clusters of various sizes. This new approach described in this paper enables to determine the size distribution of vacancy clusters.

Vacancy clusters in ultra fine grained metals prepared by severe plastic deformation