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Event-by-event fluctuations and correlations in azimuthal angle are currentlywidely investigated in various experiments. In this paper the $\Phi$ measure(earlier used in experiments to evaluate fluctuations in transverse momentum)is now applied to azimuthal angle $\phi$. Properties of this $\Phi_{\phi}$function are investigated through fast generators and with complex models suchas Pythia, Hijing, and UrQMD. Preliminary results of NA49 on $\Phi_{\phi}$ arealso presented. The system size dependence (p+p, C+C, Si+Si and 6 centralitiesof Pb+Pb) at the highest SPS energy (158$A$ GeV) is shown, as well as theenergy dependence (20$A$ - 158$A$ GeV) for the 7.2\% most central Pb+Pbinteractions.

Fluctuations of the azimuthal particle distribution in NA49 at the CERN SPS