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The most important modern laser technologies include (i) the generation of colloid nanoparticles (NPs), laser ablation into a liquid (LAL—laser ablation in liquid) and (ii) surface hardening of products by laser pinning (LSP—laser shock peening). Significantly, with laser pinning, the surface to be treated is washed with water. Therefore, the physics of processes during ablation into a liquid and during pinning is common. True, the accents are different. If the ablation in the liquid actually forget about the shock wave (SW) generated by the impact, and leaving the thickness of the target, in the problem with pinning, on the contrary, the main question is about the impact. In addition, the role of water in LAL and LSP is different. In LAL, fluid contributes to the formation of NPs and adopts NPs, gently slowing them, whereas in LSP, water is needed to enhance the recoil and increase the amplitude of the hydrocarbon in the product. The complete picture, developed in the work, of course, should include both edges: the formation of ejection into the liquid as a result of ablation, i.e., LAL, and observation of the SW from the nucleation stage to its attenuation in the product volume, i.e., LSP.

Physical processes in laser ablation into liquid and laser shock wave pinning