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Nine(9) Concrete specimens (Concrete test-materials) [comprising of 3 ‘Portland Cement Normal Concrete specimens’, 3 ‘Portland Slag Special Concrete specimens’ and 3 ‘Silica-fume Slag Special Concrete specimens’] were designed-for in accordance with ACI 211.1-91, cast in accordance with ASTM C 127 and cured for three(3) Curing-ages of 28 days, 56 days and 90 days. Each was subjected to eleven (11) Quality (Strength, Durability &amp; Workability)-evaluation experimental-tests in accordance with the relevant ASTM, BSI and other scientifically-established standard procedures, so as to empirically determine their Thermo-physical, Electrical &amp; Mechanical characterizations (behavioural-changes) and the various determining (influencing) factors (variables). Summarily, it was experimentally discovered that, Supplementary Cementitious Material (SCM) content and Maturity (Curing-age) significantly influenced (affected) five (5) conducted Thermo-physical characterization-tests of ‘Specific Heat Capacity ( C θ )’, ‘Thermal diffusivity (δ Thermal )’, ‘Thermal Conductivity ( K Thermal )’, ‘Dry bulk density (ρ bulk dry )’ and ‘Water sorptivity ( S )’ of Concrete. Also, it was observed that the five (5) conducted Electrical characterization-tests i.e. ‘RCPT Total Electric Charge passed (∑ Q P )’, ‘Chloride-ion Penetrability’, ‘Initial 5 minutes RCPT Electricity Resistivity (ρ E ( RCPT ) ’, ‘Chloride-ion Penetration-depth ( Cl – pd )’ and ‘Non-steady state migration coefficient ( D nssMC )’ of Concrete largely depended on the Water/Cement (w/c) ratio, Maturity (Curing-age) and SCM content. Furthermore, it was noticed that Mechanical characterization-test i.e. “Average Compressive-strength’ and ‘Slump’ of Concrete is primarily a function of w/c ratio, SCM content, Maturity (Curing-age) and several other factors. Consequently, it has been experimentally revealed that amongst other things, the four (4) critical determinants of Concrete quality are the Concrete’s Water/Cement (w/c) ratio, Maturity (Curing-age), Supplementary Cementitious Material (SCM) content and Bulk density.

journal of physics. conference series

Thermo-physical, Electrical and Mechanical Characterizations of Normal and Special Concretes: A Holistic-Empirical Investigation for Pre-qualification and Quality-Control of Concrete