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Pulse Oximetry (PO) is a non-invasive method for estimating arterial oxygen saturation from Photoplethysmography signals recorded from peripheral tissue sites. Despite a very wide range of clinical applications, the fundamental working principles of PO is still not very well understood. In this work, a Monte Carlo model is executed for a monolayer volume of human skin dermis in a reflectance detection modality to investigate the basic nature of light-tissue interaction in the tissue. Differences in systolic and diastolic blood volume explained the pulsatility. The distribution of light-tissue interaction was illustrated, systolic and diastolic reflectance at red and infrared light were simulated and the 'calibration curve' was produced.

Monte Carlo model for reflectance Pulse Oximetry using pulsatile monolayer perfused skin tissue