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We describe a hybrid molecular dynamics approach for the description ofultracold neutral plasmas, based on an adiabatic treatment of the electron gasand a full molecular dynamics simulation of the ions, which allows us to followthe long-time evolution of the plasma including the effect of the stronglycoupled ion motion. The plasma shows a rather complex relaxation behavior,connected with temporal as well as spatial oscillations of the ion temperature.Furthermore, additional laser cooling of the ions during the plasma evolutiondrastically modifies the expansion dynamics, so that crystallization of the ioncomponent can occur in this nonequilibrium system, leading to lattice-likestructures or even long-range order resulting in concentric shells

Strong-coupling effects in the relaxation dynamics of ultracold neutral plasmas