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Finding an easy-to-build coils set has been a critical issue for stellaratordesign for decades. Conventional approaches assume a toroidal "winding"surface. We'll investigate if the existence of winding surface unnecessarilyconstrains the optimization, and a new method to design coils for stellaratorsis presented. Each discrete coil is represented as an arbitrary, closed,one-dimensional curve embedded in three-dimensional space. A target function tobe minimized that covers both physical requirements and engineering constraintsis constructed. The derivatives of the target function are calculatedanalytically. A numerical code, named FOCUS, has been developed. Applicationsto a simple configuration, the W7-X, and LHD plasmas are presented.

New method to design stellarator coils without the winding surface