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PSR B0540-69 has braking index measurement in its persistent state: n=2.129\pm 0.012. Recently, it is reported to have spin-down state changes: a suddenly36 % increase in the spin-down rate. Combining the persistent state brakingindex measurement and different spin-down states, PSR B0540-69 is more powerfulthan intermittent pulsars in constraining pulsar spin-down models. The pulsarwind model is applied to explain the variable timing behavior of PSR B0540-69.The persistent state braking index of PSR B0540-69 is the combined effect ofmagnetic dipole radiation and particle wind. The particle density reflects themagnetospheric activity in real-time and may be responsible for the changingspin-down behavior. Corresponding to the 36 % increase in the spin-down rate ofPSR B0540-69, the relative increase in the particle density is 88 % in thevacuum gap model. And the model calculated braking index in the new state isn=1.79. Future braking index observation of PSR B0540-69 in the new spin-downstate will be very powerful in distinguishing between different pulsarspin-down models and different particle acceleration models in the wind brakingscenario. The variable timing behavior of PSR J1846-0258 is also understandablein the pulsar wind model.

On the variable timing behavior of PSR B0540-69: an almost excellent example to study pulsar braking mechanism