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We present in this paper a comprehensive study of the H II region IC 1396 andits star formation activity, in which multi-wavelength data ranging from theoptical to the near- and far-infrared were employed. The surface densitydistribution of all the 2MASS sources with certain detection toward IC 1396indicates the existence of a compact cluster spatially consistent with theposition of the exciting source of the H II region, HD 206267. The spatialdistribution of the infrared excessive emission sources selected based onarchived 2MASS data reveals the existence of four sub-clusters in this region.One is in association with the open cluster Trumpler 37. The other three arefound to be spatially coincident with the bright rims of the H II region. Allthe excessive emission sources in the near infrared are cross-identified withthe AKARI IRC data, an analysis of the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) ofthe resultant sample leads to the identification of 8 CLASS I, 15 CLASS II and15 CLASS III sources in IC 1396. Optical identification of the sample sourceswith R magnitudes brighter than 17 mag corroborates the results from the SEDanalysis. Based on the spatial distribution of the infrared young stellarobjects at different evolutionary stages, the surrounding sub-clusters locatedin the bright rims are believed to be younger than the central one. This isconsistent with a scenario of sequential star formation in this region. Imagingdata of a dark patch in IC 1396 by Herschel SPIRE, on the other hand, indicatethe presence of two far-infrared cores in LDN 1111, which are likely newgeneration protostellar objects in formation. So we infer that the starformation process in this H II region was not continuous but episodic.

Sequential clustering of star formation in IC 1396