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We have carefully examined, in both analytical and numerical ways, how smallthe terrestrial matter effects can be in a given medium-baseline reactorantineutrino oscillation experiment like JUNO or RENO-50. Taking the ongoingJUNO experiment for example, we show that the inclusion of terrestrial mattereffects may reduce the sensitivity of the neutrino mass ordering measurement by\Delta \chi^2_{\rm MO} \simeq 0.6, and a neglect of such effects may shift thebest-fit values of the flavor mixing angle \theta_{12} and the neutrinomass-squared difference \Delta_{21} by about 1\sigma to 2\sigma in the futuredata analysis. In addition, a preliminary estimate indicates that a 2\sigmasensitivity of establishing the terrestrial matter effects can be achieved forabout 10 years of data taking at JUNO with the help of a proper near detectorimplementation.

Terrestrial matter effects on reactor antineutrino oscillations at JUNO or RENO-50: how small is small?