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Carbon ion therapy have the ability to overcome the limitation ofconvertional radiotherapy due to its most energy deposition in selective depth,usually called Bragg peak, which results in increased biological effectiness.During carbon ion therapy, lots positron emitters such as $^{11}$C, $^{15}$O,$^{10}$C are generated in irradiated tissues by nuclear reactions. Immediatelyafter patient irradiation, PET scanners can be used to measure the spatialdistribution of positron emitters, which can track the carbon beam to thetissue. In this study, we designed and evaluated an dual-plate in-room PETscanner to monitor patient dose in carbon ion therapy, which is based on GATEsimulation platform. A dual-plate PET is designed to avoid interference withthe carbon beam line and with patient positioning. Its performance was comparedwith that of four-head and full-ring PET scanners. The dual-plate, four-headand full-ring PET scanners consisted of 30, 60, 60 detector modules,respectively, with a 36 cm distance between directly opposite detector modulesfor dose deposition measurements. Each detector module was consisted of a24$\times$24 array of 2$\times2\times$18 mm$^{3}$ LYSO pixels coupled to aHamamatsu H8500 PMT. To esitmate the production yield of positron emitters, a10$\times15\times$15 cm$^{3}$ cuboid PMMA phantom was irradiated with 172, 200,250 AMeV $^{12}$C beams. 3D images of the activity distribution of the threetype scanners are produced by an iterative reconstruction algorithm. Bycomparing the longitudinal profile of positron emitters, measured along thecarbon beam path, we concluded that the development of a dual-plate PET scanneris feasible to monitor the dose distribution for carbon ion therapy.

A simulation study of a dual-plate in-room PET system for dose verification in carbon ion therapy