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$J/\psi$ suppression in p-A collisions is studied by considering the nucleareffects on parton distribution, energy loss of beam proton and the finial stateenergy loss of color octet $c\overline{c}$. The leading-order computations for$J/\psi$ production cross-section ratios $R_{W/Be}(x_{F})$ are presented andcompared with the selected E866 experimental data with the $c\overline{c}$remaining colored on its entire path in the medium. It is shown that thecombination of the different nuclear effects accounts quite well for theobserved $J/\psi$ suppression in the experimental data. It is found that the$J/\psi$ suppression on $R_{W/Be}(x_{F})$ from the initial state nucleareffects is more important than that induced by the energy loss of color octet$c\overline{c}$ in the large $x_F$ region. Whether the $c\overline{c}$ pairenergy loss is linear or quadratic with the path length is not determined. Theobtained $c\overline{c}$ pair energy loss per unit path length$\alpha=2.78\pm0.81$ GeV/fm, which indicates that the heavy quark in coldnuclear matter can lose more energy compared to the outgoing light quark.

Energy loss of charm quarks from $J/\psi$ production in cold nuclear matter