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Quantum super-resolution involves resolving two sources below the Rayleighlimit using quantum optics. Such a technique would allow high-precisioninter-satellite positioning and tracking on communication and navigationconstellations. Due to the size, weight and power constraints typical oflow-earth-orbit (LEO) satellites, a simple solution is often preferred. Here,we show that a balanced homodyne detection (BHD) setup using a shapedsingle-mode local oscillator can achieve super-resolution despite typicalphotonic losses. We further analyze the impact of a fluctuating and fixedcentroid misalignment due to satellite pointing issues, and find that fixedmisalignment is comparatively more detrimental to the performance of a BHDsetup. Thus, our study provides a practical assessment of BHD to achievesuper-resolution on a modern LEO satellite platform. Finally, we discuss howour analysis can be extended to stellar sources for astronomical applications.

Quantum Super-Resolution with Balanced Homodyne Detection in Low-Earth-Orbit