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Terrestrial planets in the habitable zone around nearby stars are of greatinterest and provide a good sample for further characteristics of theirhabitability. In this paper, we collect a nearby star catalog within 20 pcaccording to the Gaia Catalog of Nearby Stars, complete the physical parametersof the stars, and select stars that are not brown dwarfs or white dwarfs. Afterselection, a sample of 2234 main-sequence stars is used to estimate theextended HZ. Then we inject Earth-like planets into the extended HZ around eachstar and calculate the signals with four methods, i.e.; velocity amplitude forradial velocity, transit probability and depth for transit, stellardisplacements for astrometry, and contrast and angular separation for imaging.Considering a typical noise model based on classic instruments, we predict thehighest possible detection number of Earth-like planets via different methodsin the best-case hypothetical scenario. According to this, we conclude thatboth astrometry and imaging have the potential to detect nearby Earth-likeplanets around G type stars, while radial velocity has the potential to detect2% of nearby Earth-like planets around M stars under a precision of 0.2 m/s.Our work also provides the precision requirements for future missions to revealthe nearby Earth-like planet in the HZ.

The Potential of Detecting Nearby Terrestrial Planets in the HZ with Different Methods