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Cells generally convert nutrient resources to useful products via energytransduction. Accordingly, the thermodynamic efficiency of this conversionprocess is one of the most essential characteristics of living organisms.However, although these processes occur under conditions of dynamic metabolism,most studies of cellular thermodynamic efficiency have been restricted toexamining steady states; thus, the relevance of dynamics to this efficiency hasnot yet been elucidated. Here, we develop a simple model of metabolic reactionswith anabolism-catabolism coupling catalysed by enzymes. Through application ofexternal oscillation in the enzyme abundances, the thermodynamic efficiency ofmetabolism was found to be improved. This result is in strong contrast withthat observed in the oscillatory input, in which the efficiency alwaysdecreased with oscillation. This improvement was effectively achieved byseparating the anabolic and catabolic reactions, which tend to disequilibrateeach other, and taking advantage of the temporal oscillations so that each ofthe antagonistic reactions could progress near equilibrium. In this case,anti-phase oscillation between the reaction flux and chemical affinity throughoscillation of enzyme abundances is essential. This improvement was alsoconfirmed in a model capable of generating autonomous oscillations in enzymeabundances. Finally, the possible relevance of the improvement in thermodynamicefficiency is discussed with respect to the potential for manipulation ofmetabolic oscillations in microorganisms.

physical biology

Enzyme oscillation can enhance the thermodynamic efficiency of cellular  metabolism: Consequence of anti-phase coupling between reaction flux and  affinity