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We show that -- in the framework of general relativity (GR) -- if black holes(BHs) are singularity-free objects, they couple to the large-scale cosmologicaldynamics. We find that the leading contribution to the resulting growth of theBH mass ($M_{\rm BH}$) as a function of the scale factor $a$ stems from thecurvature term, yielding $M_{\rm BH} \propto a^k$, with $k=1$. We demonstratethat such a linear scaling is universal for spherically-symmetric objects, andit is the only contribution in the case of regular BHs. For nonsingularhorizonless compact objects we instead obtain an additional subleadingmodel-dependent term. We conclude that GR nonsingular BHs/horizonless compactobjects, although cosmologically coupled, are unlikely to be the source of darkenergy. We test our prediction with astrophysical data by analysing theredshift dependence of the mass growth of supermassive BHs in a sample ofelliptical galaxies at redshift $z=0.8 -0.9$. We also compare our theoreticalprediction with higher redshift BH mass measurements obtained with the JamesWebb Space Telescope (JWST). We find that, while $k=1$ is compatible within $1\sigma$ with JWST results, the data from elliptical galaxies at $z=0.8 -0.9$favour values of $k>1$. New samples of BHs covering larger mass and redshiftranges and more precise BH mass measurements are required to settle the issue.

Cosmological coupling of nonsingular black holes