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We explore the neutrinoless double beta ($0\nu \beta\beta$) decay induced byan ultralight dark matter field coupled to neutrinos. The effect on$0\nu\beta\beta$ decay is significant if the coupling violates the leptonnumber, for which the $\Delta L=2$ transition is directly driven by the darkmatter field without further suppression of small neutrino masses. As theultralight dark matter can be well described by a classical field, the effectfeatures a periodic modulation pattern in decay events. However, we find thatin the early Universe such coupling will be very likely to alter the standardcosmological results. In particular, the requirement of neutrino free-streamingbefore the matter-radiation equality severely constrains the parameter space,such that the future $0\nu \beta\beta$ decay experiments can hardly see anysignal even with a meV sensitivity to the effective neutrino mass.

Neutrino meets ultralight dark matter: $\boldsymbol{0\nu\beta\beta}$ decay and cosmology