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It has recently been pointed out that Gaia is capable of detecting astochastic gravitational wave background in the sensitivity band between thefrequency of pulsar timing arrays and LISA. We argue that Gaia and THEIA hasgreat potential for early universe cosmology, since such a frequency range isideal for probing phase transitions in asymmetric dark matter, SIMP and thecosmological QCD transition. Furthermore, there is the potential for detectingprimordial black holes in the solar mass range produced during such an earlyuniverse transition and distinguish them from those expected from the QCDepoch. Finally, we discuss the potential for Gaia and THEIA to probetopological defects and the ability of Gaia to potentially shed light on therecent NANOGrav results.

Exploring the Early Universe with Gaia and THEIA