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Positivity bounds - constraints on any low-energy effective field theoryimposed by the fundamental axioms of unitarity, causality and locality in theUV - have recently been used to constrain scalar-tensor theories of darkenergy. However, the coupling to matter fields has so far played a limitedrole. We show that demanding positivity when including interactions withstandard matter fields leads to further constraints on the dark energyparameter space. We demonstrate how implementing these bounds as theoreticalpriors affects cosmological parameter constraints and explicitly illustrate theimpact on a specific Effective Field Theory for dark energy. We also show inthis model that the existence of a standard UV completion requires thatgravitational waves must travel superluminally on cosmological backgrounds.

Positivity Bounds on Dark Energy: When Matter Matters