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The cavity haloscope has been employed to detect microwave photons resonantlyconverted from invisible cosmic axions under a strong magnetic field. In thisscheme, the axion-photon conversion power has been formulated to be valid forcertain conditions, either $Q_{cavity}\ll Q_{\rm axion}$ or $Q_{cavity} \ggQ_{axion}$. This remedy, however, fails when these two quantities arecomparable to each other. Furthermore, the noise power flow has been treatedindependently of the impedance mismatch of the system, which could give rise tomisleading estimates of the experimental sensitivity. We revisit the analyticalapproaches to derive a general description of the signal and noise power. Wealso optimize the coupling strength of a receiver to yield the maximalsensitivity for axion search experiments.

Revisiting the detection rate for axion haloscopes