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Axion-photon conversion at dielectric interfaces, immersed in anear-homogeneous magnetic field, is the basis for the dielectric haloscopemethod to search for axion dark matter. In analogy to transition radiation,this process is possible because the photon wave function is modified by thedielectric layers ("Garibian wave function") and is no longer an eigenstate ofmomentum. A conventional first-order perturbative calculation of the transitionprobability between a quantized axion state and these distorted photon statesprovides the microwave production rate. It agrees with previous results basedon solving the classical Maxwell equations for the combined system of axionsand electromagnetic fields. We argue that in general the average photonproduction rate is given by our result, independently of the detailed quantumstate of the axion field. Moreover, our result provides a new perspective onaxion-photon conversion in dielectric haloscopes because the rate is based onan overlap integral between unperturbed axion and photon wave functions, inanalogy to the usual treatment of microwave-cavity haloscopes.

Axion-photon conversion caused by dielectric interfaces: quantum field calculation