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We perform an empirical consistency test of General Relativity/dark energy bydisentangling expansion history and growth of structure constraints. We replaceeach late-universe parameter that describes the behavior of dark energy withtwo meta-parameters: one describing geometrical information in cosmologicalprobes, and the other controlling the growth of structure. If the underlyingmodel (a standard wCDM cosmology with General Relativity) is correct, that isunder the null hypothesis, the two meta-parameters coincide. If they do not, itcould indicate a failure of the model or systematics in the data. We present aglobal analysis using state-of-the-art cosmological data sets which points inthe direction that cosmic structures prefer a weaker growth than that inferredby background probes. This result could signify inconsistencies of the model,the necessity of extensions to it or the presence of systematic errors in thedata. We examine all these possibilities. The fact that the result is mostlydriven by a specific sub-set of galaxy clusters abundance data, points to theneed of a better understanding of this probe.

Parameter splitting in dark energy: is dark energy the same in the background and in the cosmic structures?