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All models of dynamical dark energy possess fluctuations, which affect thenumber of galaxy clusters in the Universe. We have studied the impact of darkenergy clustering on the number of clusters using a generalization of thespherical collapse model and the Press-Schechter formalism. Our statisticalanalysis is performed in a 7-parameter space using the Fisher matrix method,for several hypothetical Sunyaev-Zel'dovich and weak lensing (shear maps)surveys. In some scenarios, the impact of these fluctuations is large enoughthat their effect could already be detected by existing instruments such as theSouth Pole Telescope, when its data is combined with WMAP and SDSS. Futureobservations could go much further and probe the nature of dark energy bydistinguishing between different models on the basis of their perturbations,not only their expansion histories.

The signature of dark energy perturbations in galaxy cluster surveys