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The lithium problem arises from the significant discrepancy between theprimordial 7Li abundance as predicted by BBN theory and the WMAP baryondensity, and the pre-Galactic lithium abundance inferred from observations ofmetal-poor (Population II) stars. This problem has loomed for the past decade,with a persistent discrepancy of a factor of 2--3 in 7Li/H. Recent developmentshave sharpened all aspects of the Li problem. Namely: (1) BBN theorypredictions have sharpened due to new nuclear data, particularly theuncertainty on 3He(alpha,gamma)7Be, has reduced to 7.4%, and with a centralvalue shift of ~ +0.04 keV barn. (2) The WMAP 5-year data now yields a cosmicbaryon density with an uncertainty reduced to 2.7%. (3) Observations ofmetal-poor stars have tested for systematic effects, and have reaped newlithium isotopic data. With these, we now find that the BBN+WMAP predicts 7Li/H= (5.24+0.71-0.67) 10^{-10}. The Li problem remains and indeed is exacerbated;the discrepancy is now a factor 2.4--4.3 or 4.2sigma (from globular clusterstars) to 5.3sigma (from halo field stars). Possible resolutions to the lithiumproblem are briefly reviewed, and key nuclear, particle, and astronomicalmeasurements highlighted.

A Bitter Pill: The Primordial Lithium Problem Worsens