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Radiation pressure can be used to enable optomechanical control andmanipulation of the quantum state of a mechanical oscillator. Optomechanicalinteraction can also be mediated by photothermal effects which, althoughfrequently overlooked, may compete with radiation pressure interaction.Understanding of how these phenomena affect the coherent exchange ofinformation between optical and mechanical degrees of freedom is oftenunderdeveloped, particularly in mesoscale high-power systems where photothermaleffects can fully dominate the interaction. Here we report an effectivetheoretical model to predict and successfully reconstruct the dynamics of aunique optomechanical system: a cavity-enhanced setup for macroscopic opticallevitation, where a free-standing mirror acts as the optomechanical oscillator.We decompose the photothermal interaction into two opposing light-inducedeffects, photothermal expansion, and thermo-optic effects. We then reconstructa heuristic model that links the intracavity field to four types of cavitylength changes caused by acoustic ($x_\textrm{ac}$), centre of mass($x_\textrm{lev}$), photothermal ($x_\textrm{ex}$) and thermo-optic($x_\textrm{re}$) displacements. This offers refined predictions with a higherdegree of agreement with experimental results. Our work provides a mean toprecisely model the photothermal effect of high power optomechanical systems,as well as for developing more precise photothermal modelling of photonicssystems for precision sensing and quantum measurements.

Modeling Photothermal Effects in High Power Optical Resonators used for Coherent Levitation