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Although nonequilibrium work and fluctuation relations have been studied indetail within classical statistical physics, extending these results to openquantum systems has proven to be conceptually difficult. For systems thatundergo decoherence but not dissipation, we argue that it is natural to definequantum work exactly as for isolated quantum systems, using the two-pointmeasurement protocol. Complementing previous theoretical analysis using quantumchannels, we show that the nonequilibrium work relation remains valid in thissituation, and we test this assertion experimentally using a system engineeredfrom an optically trapped ion. Our experimental results reveal the workrelation's validity over a variety of driving speeds, decoherence rates, andeffective temperatures and represent the first confirmation of the workrelation for non-unitary dynamics.

Verification of the Quantum Nonequilibrium Work Relation in the Presence of Decoherence