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The interaction of ultrashort, high intensity laser pulses with thin foiltargets leads to ion acceleration on the target rear surface. To make this ionsource useful for applications, it is important to optimize the transfer ofenergy from the laser into the accelerated ions. One of the most promising waysto achieve this consists in engineering the target front by introducingperiodic nanostructures.  In this paper, the effect of these structures on ion acceleration is studiedanalytically and with multi-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. Weassessed the role of the structure shape, size, and the angle of laserincidence for obtaining the efficient energy transfer. Local control ofelectron trajectories is exploited to maximise the energy delivered into thetarget. Based on our numerical simulations, we propose a precise range ofparameters for fabrication of nanostructured targets, which can increase theenergy of the accelerated ions without requiring a higher laser intensity.

Table-top laser-based proton acceleration in nanostructured targets