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A set of numerical solvers for the linear dispersion relations of thegyrokinetic, the hybrid-kinetic, and the fully kinetic model is employed tostudy the physics of the kinetic Alfv\'en wave and the fast magnetosonic modein these models. In particular, we focus on parameters that are relevant forsolar wind oriented applications (using a homogeneous, isotropic background),which are characterized by wave propagation angles averaging close to 90{\deg}.It is found that the gyrokinetic model, while lacking high-frequency solutionsand cyclotron effects, faithfully reproduces the fully kinetic Alfv\'en wavephysics close to, and sometimes significantly beyond, the boundaries of itsrange of validity. The hybrid-kinetic model, on the other hand, is much morecomplete in terms of high-frequency waves, but owing to its simple electronmodel it is found to severely underpredict wave damping rates even on ionspatial scales across a large range of parameters, despite containing fullkinetic ion physics.

Comparative study of gyrokinetic, hybrid-kinetic and fully kinetic wave physics for space plasmas